The Dutch Empire Three Centuries on Five Continents

The Netherlands is a small country in northwestern Europe. The inhabitants of the Netherlands are known as the Dutch. As very accomplished navigators and explorers, the Dutch dominated trade and controlled many distant territories from the 17th to 20th centuries. The legacy of the Dutch empire continues to impact the current geography of the world. The Dutch East India Company The Dutch East India Company, also known as the VOC, was founded in 1602 as a joint stock company. The company existed for 200 years and brought great wealth to the Netherlands. The Dutch traded for coveted luxuries such as Asian tea, coffee, sugar, rice, rubber, tobacco, silk, textiles, porcelain, and spices such as cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg and cloves. The company was able to build forts in the colonies, maintain an army and navy, and sign treaties with native rulers. The company is now considered the first multinational corporation, which is a company that conducts business in more than one country. Important Former Colonies in Asia   Indonesia:  Then known as the Dutch East Indies, the thousands of islands of present-day Indonesia provided many highly-desired resources for the Dutch. The Dutch base in Indonesia was Batavia, now known as Jakarta (Indonesias capital). The Dutch controlled Indonesia until 1945. Japan:  The Dutch, who were once the only Europeans allowed to trade with the Japanese, received Japanese silver and other goods on the specially-built island of Deshima, located near Nagasaki. In return, the Japanese were introduced to Western approaches to medicine, mathematics, science, and other disciplines. South Africa: In 1652, many Dutch people settled near the Cape of Good Hope. Their descendants developed the Afrikaner ethnic group and the Afrikaans language. Additional Posts in Asia and Africa The Dutch established trading posts in many more places in the Eastern Hemisphere. Examples include: Eastern AfricaMiddle East- especially IranIndiaMalaysiaCeylon (presently Sri Lanka)Formosa (presently Taiwan) The Dutch West India Company The Dutch West India Company was founded in 1621 as a trading company in the New World. It established colonies in the following places: New York City: Led by explorer Henry Hudson, the Dutch claimed present-day New York, New Jersey, and parts of Connecticut and Delaware as the New Netherlands. The Dutch traded with the Native Americans, primarily for fur. In 1626, the Dutch purchased the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans and founded a fort called New Amsterdam. The British attacked the important seaport in 1664 and the outnumbered Dutch surrendered it. The British renamed New Amsterdam New York -- now the most populated city in the United States. Suriname: In return for New Amsterdam, the Dutch received Suriname from the British. Known as Dutch Guiana, cash crops were grown on plantations. Suriname received its independence from the Netherlands in November 1975. Various Caribbean Islands:  The Dutch are associated with several islands in the Caribbean Sea. The Dutch still control the ABC Islands, or Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao, all located off the coast of Venezuela. The Dutch also control the central Caribbean islands of Saba, St. Eustatius, and the southern half of the island of Sint Maarten. The amount of sovereignty that each island possesses has changed several times in the last few years. The Dutch controlled parts of northeastern Brazil and Guyana, before they became Portuguese and British, respectively. The Decline of Both Companies The profitably of the Dutch East and West India Companies eventually declined. Compared to other imperialistic European countries, the Dutch had less success convincing its citizens to emigrate to the colonies. The empire fought several wars and lost valuable territory to other European countries. The debts of the companies rose rapidly. By the 19th century, the deteriorating Dutch empire was overshadowed by the empires of other European countries, such as England, France, Spain, and Portugal. Criticism of the Dutch Empire Like all European imperialistic countries, the Dutch faced severe criticism for their actions. Although colonization made the Dutch very wealthy, they were accused of brutal enslavement of native inhabitants and exploitation of the natural resources of their colonies. The Dutch Empire Domination of Trade The Dutch colonial empire is tremendously important geographically and historically. A small country was able to develop an expansive, successful empire. Features of Dutch culture, such as the Dutch language, still exist in the Netherlands former and current territories. Migrants from its territories have made the Netherlands a very multiethnic, fascinating country.

How to Improve the Australian Diet - 541 Words

The Australian government is always looking for ways to improve the Australian diet. Ways that this has been done is through health campaigns. Two campaigns that the government has used and could work really effectively is Shape up Australia and Measure Up. Both these campaigns are aimed at Men and Women. The Shape up Australia campaign effectiveness cannot be judged as the campaign has not finished but could have a rough guess on how the campaign is going. The measure up campaign was about allowing people to understand why having excess weight around your waist can be unhealthy for you. The campaign was proposed to run from 2006 to 2010 but then was extended to July 2013. As the Measure up campaign was more heard about it was deemed to be the more effective campaign. The Measure up campaign was about allowing people to understand why carrying unhealthy amount of weight around your hips can be dangerous. When people carry unhealthy amounts of weight around the waist, they might not realise that it also increase the risks of lifestyle related chronic diseases such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes and arthritis (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). Throughout the campaign it has been proven that the campaign reached the target audience and got the aim of the campaign and how to stop this. The campaign reached the vast majority of the Australian population, and had a very high level of campaign recognition with 91% of the people recognized the campaign. TheShow MoreRelatedNutrition Is Essential For The Development Of Physical And Cognitive Health1394 Words   |  6 Pagesand other diet related diseases. Another objective of the â€Å"ministry of food† was to prove cooking healthy meals can be quick, easy and beneficial. 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The Amazon Rainforest Free Essays

An issue in the world today that is extremely troubling is the deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest. The world’s largest remaining natural resource is at risk of total destruction. This beautiful South American forest represents 40% of the continent and 54% of the total remaining rain forests that are left. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amazon Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now It covers nine of the countries in South America which include Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. From May 2000 to August 2006, approximately 150,000 square kilometers of the rain forest in Brazil was lost. This is an area larger than the country of Greece. What is even more frightening is the fact that since 1970, over 232,000 square miles of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. The Amazon Rainforest is a tropical rainforest ecosystem. They are known to be found near the equator. What makes them known as â€Å"rain forests† refers to the moisture and humidity that they contain. These forests which are lush with trees and other amazing plant life have year-round warm temperatures with high humidity and heavy—almost daily rainfall. It does not rain every day in the Amazon Rainforest but it does receive an average of nine feet of rain per year. The Rainforest of the world now only cover 2% of the globe, however ecologists do estimate they hold half of the world’s plant and animal species. R. A. N. is one of the organizations advocating for the Rain Forest to be left alone. It stands for the Rainforest Action Network. One of the issues that RAN has cites is that pulp from cleared rainforests is made into cheap copy paper, books, tissue and toilet paper and luxury shopping bags that are then sold to consumers in the United States, Europe and Asia. RAN’s Rainforest-Free Paper Campaign is working against corporations and the Indonesian government to stop turning forests into paper plantations. They have made significant progress such as pressuring Boise Incorporated to stop buying wood fiber taken from the traditional territory of the Grassy Narrows. Shortly after, Abitibi Bowater, the largest paper company in the world, agreed to stay off of Grassy Narrows land. According to dictionary. com the definition of deforestation is, â€Å"the cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area. Deforestation can erode soils, contribute to desertification and the pollution of waterways, and decrease biodiversity through the destruction of habitat. † Most rainforests are cleared by chainsaws, bulldozers and fires for its timber value and then are followed by farming and ranching operations. The latest statistics show that rainforest land which is made into cattle farms gets the land owner $60 per acre and if timber is harvested, the land is worth $400 per acre. Cattle ranching is the leading cause of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. This has been going on since the 1970s. Approximately 38 percent of deforestation from 1966-1975 is due to large-scale cattle ranching. Unfortunately the present day situation may be even worse. According to the Center for International Forestry Research, â€Å"between 1990 and 2001 the percentage of Europe’s processed meat imports that came from Brazil rose from 40 to 74 percent and by 2003 for the first time ever, the growth in Brazilian cattle production—80 percent of which was in the Amazon—was largely export driven. This issue affects the tribes that still live in the Amazon Rainforest. These people and their ancestors have been living off of the land for thousands of years. Their culture is formed from the rainforest itself. There are even some tribes that have never had contact with any other person outside of their own tribe. If they are taken out of their homes over time they will lose their languages, art, tales and knowledge of the forest and past. Th ere were an estimated ten million of these people living in the Amazonian Rainforest five centuries ago. Today there are less than 200,000. Thousands upon thousands of species other than humans live in the rainforest such as bacteria, plants and mammals. Thousands of other species once existed in this ecosystem but due to deforestation and other causes, they are now extinct. There are estimations that 137 plant, animal and insect species go extinct every single day due to said deforestation. That means about 50,000 species are lost each year. As these species only found in the Amazon Rainforest leave this world, many possible cures for life-threatening diseases follow. There are presently 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide that come from Amazon plants. A good 25% drugs that come from rainforest ingredients have tropical trees and plants of which less than 1% have been tested by licensed scientists. In the long run, the destruction of the rainforest will kill almost every living thing on the plants. According to www. amazon-rainforest. org, the Amazon Rainforest has been described as the â€Å"Lungs of our Planet. † This is because it provides the essential environmental world service of continuously recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. More than 20 percent of the world oxygen is produced in the Amazon Rainforest. The survival of the human race depends on the survival of the Amazon Rainforest. WORKS CITED â€Å"About RAN | Rainforest Action Network. † Rainforest Action Network | Environmentalism with Teeth. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. ran. org/content/about-ran;gt;. â€Å"Amazon Rainforest. † Blue Planet Biomes. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. blueplanetbiomes. org/amazon. htm;gt;. â€Å"AMAZON RAINFOREST FACTS. † UNIQUE SOUTHAMERICA TRAVEL EXPERIENCE. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. unique-southamerica-travel-experience. com/amazon-rainforest-facts. html;gt;. â€Å"The Amazon Rainforest. † Rainforests. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. ;lt;http://rainforests. mongabay. com/amazon/;gt;. â€Å"Deforestation in the Amazon. Rainforest – Mongabay. com. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. mongabay. com/brazil. htmlgt;. â€Å"Endangered Rain Forest Animals. † Liza’s Reef -Coral Reef Art. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. lizasreef. com/HOPE FOR THE RAIN FORESTS/endangered_rain_forest_animals. htmgt;. â€Å"How Big Is The Amazon Rain forest In Square Miles? † Ask Questions, Get Free Answers – Blurtit. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. blurtit. com/q145171. htmlgt;. Spoolman, Scott E. â€Å"7: Climate and Biodiversity. † Environmental Science. By G. Tyler Miller. 13th ed. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2010. 134-36. Print. How to cite The Amazon Rainforest, Papers

Construction Project and Procurement free essay sample

In the 1950’s the Phillip’s report reiterated the recommendation in the use of selective tendering and explained the need for co-operation from all parties in the construction process (HMSO 1950). However by this time new procurement systems such as negotiated tenders and design and build had come about. Through the 1960’s to the 1970’s the need for co-operation between the industry and its professions was further expressed in the Emmerson report 1962 and Banwell 1964, they also reiterated in this period the recommendations of the Simon report 1944 and the use for selective tendering. Over all from the end of the war to the 1970’s this was a time of uninterrupted economic growth in which construction procurement in terms of conventional methods prevailed, only where few unconventional methods where being used on smaller projects, Despite a number of reports in the period recommending the adoption of more co-operative approaches from members of the project team. Over all from the end of the war to the 1970’s this was a time of uninterrupted economic growth in which construction procurement in terms of conventional methods prevailed, only where few unconventional methods where being used on smaller projects, Despite a number of reports in the period recommending the adoption of more co-operative approaches from members of the project team. 1. 2)Phase 2 1973 – 1980: Phase 2 was a period of recession and instability, which was a result due to large price increase of crude oil from other countries, Post the 2nd World War after the economic boom this was lead due to high inflation rates. A number of case studies during the 1970 had brought to attention the use of non-conventional procurement methods. The wood report 1975 examined purchasing policies and procurement, although the report was restricted to the public sector it stated that public authorities used inappropriate procurement methods due to circumstances and found that 40% of the projects that were examined still used non-conventional procurement. Reports that followed this stated the need for improvement and urged a state of recovery as clients did not want to commit themselves to building projects during a time economic uncertainty. . 3)Phase 3 1980 – 1990: This phase was a time of post-recession the period of adjustment and recovery, big changes were made in the economy and the construction industry it introduced labour-only subcontracting and changed attitudes of major clients. Major clients and organisations had decide that old existing procurement methods were inefficient and caused delays there fore leading to extra cost at the end of projects, So bigger organisations such as the British property federation (BPF) started to use ideas from the US to improve their own management and procurement systems. In this period conventional methods were popular and were still widely being used, there was also a substantial increase in the design n build and management contracting, however management contracting proved in early years to take longer and dissatisfy clients if poor management was involved due to projects being overrun so there was a suggestion to reduce this method. 1. 4)Phase 4 1990 – 2008: The period from around 1990 up to the credit crunch (recession 2008) contained around equal phase of recession and recovery as it did from the post war period. In past decade the advent of partnering and the increase in various private finance initiatives had come about, there were also efforts by the governments to improve the performance in the construction industry. Two main reports were the means of vastly improving the industry, these reports were made by ‘Sir Michael Latham’ (Constructing the Team) and by ‘Sir John Egan’ (Rethinking Construction), these two reports changed the industry by improving the inefficiencies towards procurement and contractual agreements within the construction industry. The reports brought about a number of initiatives such as; †¢M4I – the Movement for Innovation was formed in 1998 I was to co-ordinate the report ‘Rethinking Construction’ through the use of demonstration projects, working groups and knowledge exchange, †¢KPI’s – are a product from ‘M4I’ and the ‘Egan Report’ they were set to create targets in which had to be met in order to achieve improvement, a number of ‘KPI’s’ were created but were refined in the year 2000 to around elven different aspects of the process of construction, PFI’s – private finance initiates were brought about by the government to enable public projects to be funded without the need for the capital from the government, †¢Partnering and framework agreements – had already come about before 1994 but were given great impact by the ‘Latham Report’. Partnering is where contractor’s works with client to reduce and share costs, the partnering framework agreements are the contractual agreements between both parties.

Swot Playstation free essay sample

A well-structured and user-friendly online appearance reflects the identity of a successful company and its products. Thus, e-marketing has to be combined with the classic marketing tools in order to develop an effective marketing strategy. The aim of this report is to compile an e-marketing plan for an existing company and to state and describe the core aspects of the company’s existing Internet marketing strategy as well as to analyse and evaluate the company’s current position and identify opportunities for improvement. By using Sony PlayStation as a relevant industrial example the implications of the analysis will be discussed, as well as the evaluation, planning for practitioners and marketing decision-makers. 2. E-Marketing First of all, the term ‘e-marketing’ has to be defined in this context. The notation ‘electronic marketing’ â€Å"refers to the application of marketing principles and techniques via electronic media and more specifically the Internet† (Quirk. biz, 2006). There is lots of evidence that e-marketing is a very important field, if not even â€Å"at the heart of e-business† as and Smith (2008, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Playstation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3) claim. Although, it can be related differently to e-commerce and e-business, namely, overlapping, replacing or involving, its principal task is to provide direct access to the customer in order to obtain a better understanding of their needs and get closer to them. Moreover, adding value to products and widening distribution channels to boost sales, for instance, represent further functions of e-marketing (Chaffey and Smith, 2008). Therefore, its components are intimately connected with those of marketing in general but based on the Internet (Quirk. iz, 2006). â€Å"(†¦) eMarketing encompasses all the activities a business conducts via the worldwide web with the aim of attracting new business, retaining current business and developing its brand identity. † (Quirk. biz, 2006) So, as this quote summarises, the internet helps over all small firms to reach a huge international audience in a short time and a relatively cost-effective way. Furthermore, this two-way communic ation channel allows interaction with the customer, while conventional marketing is largely about advertising the brand only (Quirk. biz, 2006). Another advantageous difference to traditional marketing represents amongst others the independence of the location where the business takes place. The internet enables the supplier to communicate with the customers make a deal without being physically present (Bach, 2007). 3. Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a well-established framework with which marketers can plan their approach to their target market. The model became famous in the 1960s when Jerome McCarthy talked the first time about the â€Å"4P’s† in marketing: product, place, price and promotion. Those are elements, which should help to plan the marketing strategy. The above mentioned model was extended by Booms and Bitner (1981), because in their point of view the model was only suitable for products, but not for the service industry. So they created the â€Å"7P’s†, which means they added three more â€Å"P’s†; physical evidence, people and process to the existing model. As a company you should sell only a product, which is affordable, can be delivered, and which has a high qualitative standard. In the online world there is always the opportunity for launching new versions, or slightly different variations and even new products. Within the internet industry the prices change minute-by-minute, so they put the market prices under pressure, with methods like price comparison and auctions, the internet business can reach a reduction in the offline market prices. Changes in the place of distribution, promotion, purchase and usage of products are considered, when the place is specified as an element of mix. It is same online and offline: increasing the presentation and making it widely accessible to the customers and is the principle. Online, there are a lot of options to promote a product from advertisements, PR, selling, direct mail, merchandising, exhibitions, sponsorship and packaging to word of mouth and all should be reviewed for the promoting part of the marketing mix. There are also some devising key issues, for example, integration, creativity and globalisation for the promotional mix. People are online and offline a significant contributor, and in case they make the difference. A company has to find the balance between automatic online customer service and traditional human service, for providing the clients the service and quality and, while they also need to minimize the service costs. For online distribution companies, the quality of the site is the physical evidence, so it is very important to reassure, that the customers who buys intangible services online, through a site that is meeting acceptable standards of speed and an which is easy use. On the one hand, a company can create an advantage in the competitive market with good processes and systems, but on the other, poor processes can damage the brand or kill the sales. Briefly summarized, all processes impact customers in terms of product and service quality. (Cp. Chaffey and Smith 2008, pp. 50-89) 4. Target market According to Internet World Stats (2011) the most import online markets are North America, Oceania / Australia and Europe. Therefore, around 80 per cent of the North American households have access to the World Wide Web, followed by Oceania / Australia as well as Europe with around 60 per cent of Internet users. These figures show clearly the importance of an online presence and, therefore, an elaborated e-marketing plan in these countries. Although the main focus of e-marketing concentrates on the well-developed countries, Asia and Africa are highly proposed to become big future players (Internet World Stats, 2011). 5. Sony PlayStation According playstation-presse. e (2011) Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE), with the headquarter in London, is responsible for distribution, marketing and sales for the hardware as well as for the software for the products of PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PSP (PlayStation Portable) and PlayStation Network in 99 countries in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Oceania / Australia. In addition, Sony PlayStation develops, publishes, promotes and distributes game softwa re for these formats and accounts third party programs for the platforms of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe territories. Since the launch from the PlayStation 3 gaming console in November 2006 over 55. 5 million units were sold. With more than 153. 6 sold units PlayStation 2 still belongs to the most successful consumer electronics products in history. Since the launch by end of 2004 more than 73 million units of PlayStation portable gaming consoles were sold worldwide, which highlights the importance of the portable gaming. Throughout the increasing interest and the growth of network applications and network-gaming, over 1. 91 billion downloads of more than 90 million users could be registered at the interactive and free PlayStation Network. . Homepage 6. 1 Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) The PlayStation homepage is easily accessible through search engines such as Google or Yahoo. Therefore, the Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) gives the user the possibility to enter the sub pages directly. The first impression of the landing page gives a well-structured overview of all the different sections. Throug h the graphical elements such as pictures, animations and videos consumers are attracted and curious about the content of the page, whereas other pages overwhelm the consumers by presenting too much text. Therefore, visitors are more likely to stay on the page and spend time by informing themselves about the different products. The website provides the latest information about Sony products. Moreover, this page is linked to a PlayStation Blog where the producers introduce their new technical innovations. The header is divided into two parts. The upper part provides all significant links to the diverse products such as PlayStation Network, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2. The lower bar focuses on the social aspects such as the Forums or the PlayStation Blog. Every link leads to subpages, which are again divided into different sections to gain an insight into the different products and services. The footer, placed on the bottom of the page, has a very clear design and is easy to navigate throughout the sections mentioned before. One of the main focuses of the homepage lies on social networks, where a significant part of the landing page deals with a Facebook integration. Users will find the ‘Facebook-Recommend’-button on news, support and competition pages on eu. playstation. com. By clicking on this button, users can quickly and easily let their friends know which PlayStation content they like. Users can post comments and share all the latest PlayStation happenings on the Wall along with the rest of the PlayStation community and their friends. Furthermore, they can share their excitement and enthusiasm with the community by letting them know exactly how much they want to play an upcoming release on PlayStation, rate any game that they already own on PS3 and PSP and find out, if their friends own it too. By further investigation a ‘Twitter’- and ‘Google+’-button are placed on one of the sub-pages. Compared to the Facebook Integration window the other social media links are not set on the landing page and, therefore, hard to find. Another significant part the of the landing page deals with the gaming software by providing the visitors with information on gaming software regarding release date, general information about the games, multiplayer experiences and add-ons. Furthermore, every game is linked to a specially designed subpage which also leads to the official product site. Moreover, users have the possibility to follow certain games on Facebook by ‘liking’ the link provided on these gaming sub sites. 7. E-Marketing Plan 7. 1 SWOT Analysis SWOT is an â€Å"acronym where the letters stand for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treatsâ€Å", as shown in table 1 (Evans et al. , 2003, p. 196). Its aim is to visualise the possible results and effects of an intended project, for instance, after an analysis has been carried out. Thus, it â€Å"provides a platform for going on to formulate the strategy for the futureâ€Å" (Evans et al. , 2003, p. 197). StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreats well-structuredtoo many linksimplementation of a keyword searchpage seems confusing ? visitors are leaving the site visual contentrequires a lot of RAMsimpler animationscapacity overload ? browser crashes product presentation and informationno direct sale via online shopsetting up an official PlayStation online shopSkipping retailers ? loss of sales partners Table 1: SWOT analysis by the authors (2011) According to the SWOT analysis the page is well-structured, but has too many links which may confuse the visitors while navigating through the site. Eventually, this could cause a loss of traffic. A possible solution would be an implementation of a keyword search in order to help the user to find the requested information easier and faster. A further strength represents the visual content, which attracts lots of visitors to stay longer on the site by providing many pictures and recent videos of the latest products. Although the website is well-designed and modern, the majority of the flash animations require a high random access memory (RAM) as well as a fast internet connection. Otherwise, the animations are rather stalled than flowing and it may cause a capacity overload followed by a crash of the browser. This problem could be prevented by providing a simple hypertext mark-up language (HTML) view. Although the product presentation and information on the web page is well-arranged, a direct sale opportunity via an online shop is missing. Skipping retailers by creating an official online store could increase the sales on the one hand, but on the other it may cause a loss of sales partners. Through the comparison of the results gained from the SWOT analysis a more specific marketing strategy is provided by the following SOSTAC analysis, which is a commonly used method to create a marketing plan. 7. 2 SOSTAC Model The SOSTAC-acronym stands for Situation analysis, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Action and Control and derives from Smith in the 1990s. The initial situation analysis, which can carried out, for example, by a SWOT analysis, defines the present position of the company. Afterwards, the aim and its objectives were formulated followed by a strategy, including the definition of the target market. In addition, the concrete tactic must be determined by defining the tools of the strategy in more detail. Finally, the specific actions required for the implementation must be identified. To conclude, the whole process, the success or failure must be evaluated by reviewing, updating and modifying. (Cp. Smith 1998 paraphrased in Businessballs 2006) Thus, this model is well applicable to create an e-marketing plan for Sony PlayStation: Situation: At the moment the PlayStation homepage is well-structured, informative and product related. Objectives: Through integrating an official online store traffic should be increased and, consequently, the product sales should rise. Strategy: Set up an official online store run by Sony PlayStation. Tactics: Every visitor of the homepage is more likely to become a customer by providing special offers via an online store. Action: Hiring a company (web designer) which develops and implements the PlayStation online shop. Control: Maintenance – this means to control the traffic on the website in order to analyse and improve the online appearance. 8. Conclusion To summarise, the customers represent the number one priority within a company and, therefore, the company’s main task is to attract, keep and maintain their loyalty. This can be done by developing an in-depth marketing plan including an e-marketing plan. As demonstrated above, the implementation of the SWOT-analysis and the SOSTAC-model is the initial framework to create a strategy plan. In the case of Sony PlayStation, this means adding an option for online sales to their already well-designed homepage might increase their overall product sales and, consequently, their business volume. For the implementation of an online store a web designer might be required. As mentioned before, the whole process needs to be monitored constantly, which includes obtaining regularly the customers’ feedback. All in all, related to the results of the analysis an e-marketing plan represents an essential tool for developing a successful webpage. References Bach, B. (2007) Implications of Enabling Technologies for Apple Inc. : Cybermarketing and enabling technologies. Googlebooks [Online]. Available at: http://books. google. co. uk/books? l=enlr=id=yJbwFr1M4HUCoi=fndpg=PA2dq=emarketing+independence+of+location+ots=j7bgNOf78asig=jQRagQ8cBrj0cpskyc2B2lM00M#v=onepageq=independence%20of%20locationf=false (Accessed: 16 November 2011). Chaffey, D. Smith, P. R. (2008) eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimising your digital marketing. 3rd edn. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Chapman, A. (2006) Businessballs [Online]. Available at: http://www. businessballs. com/pr_smiths_ sostac_plan ning_method. htm (Accessed: 16 November 2011). Evans, N. , Campbell, D. Stonehouse, G. (2003) Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism. EBLIB [Online]. Available at:

Jap Theatre essay essays

Jap Theatre essay essays Essay Question: How do we equate the dark and serious theatre of the 1960s in Japan with the lighter, fluffy theatre of the 1990s? Is this a fair description of both theatres? Are they part of the same movement? Are they simply a mirror to contemporary Japanese society? Shogeki-Jo, the little theatre movement of the 1960s, also called the underground (angura) theatre has formed the basis of contemporary theatre in Japan. This theatre developed in a spirit of revolt against the post war Japanese mainstream. The first generation artist of angura, such as Terayama Shuji, Suzuki Tadashi and Kara Juro, created a dark world of passions that broke the conventional frame of theatre; the first modern theatre that is uniquely Japanese in aesthetics and practice. In the 1980s and the 90s, as the social conditions in Japan changed drastically, the focus of angura theatre also shifted. It developed mainly in two directions. One is the light, fluffy theatre of Noda Hideki and the quiet theatre of Hirata Oriza, where the radical element of underground theatre has been replaced by normalization and popularization; hence its relation to the original angura impetus becomes uncertain. However, the other strand of the angura development demonstrates the return of ra dical theatre in the 1990s. Dealing with issues concerning the despair of post bubble Japan, theatre groups such as Daisan Erotica, Gekidan Kaitaisha and Dumb Type integrated theory and practice in their performances, presenting a theatre that can  ¡intervene in and subvert dominant construct of Japanese social reality ¡ . Despite their differences in style and concept, traits of 1960s angura theatre are evident in both of these later developments, as they are indeed all, unique expressions concerning the contemporary Japanese society. The 1960s in Japan was an era of radical social changes due to the wide spread political movement against the renewal of the US ¡VJapan Security Tre...

Discuss how mechanical engineering has helped the human race to Assignment

Discuss how mechanical engineering has helped the human race to develop - Assignment Example Among the aspects of human lives, that mechanical engineering has influenced includes transportation. Throughout the history of humans, the transportation of products to the commercial centers was one of the biggest challenges to the development and faster civilization of humans. However, with the discovery of mechanical engineering, humans have fast tracked developments in communication and transportation technologies thus developing stronger economies of the contemporary society. Introduction Mechanical engineering began in the 18th century in central Europe during the industrial revolution. The wave of industrial revolution in Europe influenced numerous discoveries with the view of increasing the use of machines to replace the extensive human labor that had preceded the agrarian revolution. Humans thus concerted their effort in determining the best ways of harnessing heat energy and using it to run machines. Among the several areas, that humans concentrated on was transportation. Humans had tried developing faster and easier ways of transportation to help facilitate the movements of both people and products. After the invention of the wheel much earlier, humans concentrated on inventing ways of propelling the wheel and using it to facilitate transportation. Through mechanical engineering, humans discovered the use of fossil and among other fuels to produce heat capable of propelling engines. The invention of automobiles, ships and airplanes in the modern societies origi nated from the concerted efforts of such early mundane mechanical engineers as Isaac Newton and Archimedes to explain some of the developments in the field. Integration and interaction were and still are essential psychological concepts that have influenced every aspect of humanity including politics ad economy. Humans needed effective and efficient ways of transporting their products to the market. This was essential for survival since after the agrarian revolution, the climatic disparity resulted in different regions producing specific products. Humans therefore needed effective platforms to trade their products thus develop stronger and more cohesive societies. Additionally, humans had invented and started using some of the basic tools such as hoes and ploughs during the agrarian revolution. With such basic knowledge on the use of tools, humans therefore sought to incorporate the use of machines to pull carts and wagons. With the invention of mechanical engineering, humans could therefore begin developing machines capable of increasing the efficiency of the previously existing tools. The development of effective means of transportation led to the faster industrialization of the European economies. The basic knowledge of propelling motors with fuel is fundamental in the design of motor vehicle among other machines that operate on motion and movable gears. Mechanical engineering aided the discovery of effective means of turning fossil fuel into heat energy thus operating the machines of the basic principles of mechanical engineering (James, 1987). The principles include mechanics, kinematics and thermodynamics among many others. The principles incorporate the use of heat to propel gears and levers to facilitate the movement of specific parts of the machines thus resulting in the movement of the entire machines as in the case of cars, ships and airpl